BC Biomedical NIBP-1010 Bedienungsanleitung PDF herunterladen (Seite 8)

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1. Principles and applications of tonometers

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Theoreticalintroduction

 Measuring the blood pressure in a non-invasive way is a common routine in

diagnosing the patient’s health status. Knowing the current, as well as long-term values of the

patient’s blood pressure may reveal even severe diseases. Timely diagnosis and treatment can

also save the patient’s life. Unlike the invasive measurements, it is utterly painless, does not

require insertion of any catheters or cannulas, and today it is rather common to measure one’s

blood pressure at home, thanks to fully automated instruments. On the other hand, this type of

measurement is less accurate than the invasive type.

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Bloodpressure

 As it was already mentioned above, blood pressure value is one of the common

indicators that can reveal also severe or life threatening conditions. This coursebook was not

designed to make the students perfectly acquainted with all the pathological conditions related

to blood pressure. Yet it is certainly useful to at least summarize the basics. Blood pressure in

general is the pressure exerted on the vascular walls during the blood transport in the

circulation system. Systolic and diastolic pressure is monitored. Systolic pressure is maximum

pressure in the arteries during the cardiac cycle. When the heart thrusts blood in the arteries, it

is followed by a fast increase of pressure, which then slowly decreases until the heart

contracts again. Diastolic pressure - the lowest pressure - just before the blood is thrusted in

the arteries. Common blood pressure value is 120/80 Torr or mmHg (a unit to be described

later on). This expression is a standard record, which in the first number indicates the systolic

pressure value, and in the second the diastolic pressure value. These values may vary in

healthy people exercising different activities; lower values are recorded at rest, higher values

during e.g. physical activity. These short-term changes are not serious and are rather common.

On the other hand, long-term deviation from these values may indicate a pathological

condition. In general, pressures lower than the standard values are marked as hypotension.

The values in this case remain below 100/65. This condition is often accompanied by overall

fatigue, sleepiness, headaches, dizziness, insufficient blood circulation in the limbs. Another

extreme is represented by higher pressure values, collectively marked as hypertension. These

pressures exceed the values of 140/90. High values may present direct threat to the patient’s

life.

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BC Biomedical NIBP-1010 Bedienungsanleitung Seite 8